Vehicle registration and inspection are separate processes. The Texas Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) oversees vehicle registration and the Department of Public Safety (DPS) supervises the vehicle inspection program.
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New residents are required to do the following within 30 days of moving to Texas:
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Get a vehicle inspection
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Register and title their vehicle
 
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The vehicle must pass inspection before it can be registered and titled.
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Both the registration and inspection process require proof of financial responsibility.
 
Texas has both a safety inspection program and an emissions (I/M) program. If you present your vehicle for inspection in one of the emissions counties it will receive a safety and emissions test.
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Counties participating in the emissions (I/M) program include: Brazoria, Collin, Dallas, Denton, El Paso, Ellis, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Johnston, Kaufman, Montgomery, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant, Travis, and Williamson.